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Though this constitutes a very flexible way of developing and administrating a distributed application, the disadvantage is that the conceptual model underlying the different configurations is only implicit. So far, their functionalities have mostly been developed and managed with the help of administration tools and corresponding configuration files, recently in XML.
#ARTIFACT MEANING IN SOFTWARE SOFTWARE#
We outline the benefits of a view along these lines by showing how it yields rigorous formal definitions of the foundational relations used in many influential ontologies, illustrating our results by reference to examples drawn from the domain of the life sciences.Ĭurrent middleware solutions, such as application servers and Web services, are very complex software products that are hard to tame because of the intricacies of distributed systems. It defends the thesis that ontologies de- veloped for such purposes should be understood as having as their subject matter, not concepts, but rather the universals and particulars which exist in reality and are captured in scientific laws. The present essay is devoted to the application of ontology in support of research in the natural sciences. It seems, however, to be widely accepted that concepts are in some sense the products of human cognition. The term 'con- cept' is hereby rarely precisely defined, and the intended role of concepts within on- tology is itself subject to a variety of conflicting (and sometimes intrinsically inco- herent) interpretations. There is an assumption commonly embraced by ontological engineers, an assumption which has its roots in the discipline of knowledge representation, to the effect that it is concepts which form the subject-matter of ontology. The primitive notions on which the definition is based are constitution, capacity (modeled as a space of individual qualities), and intentionality (which is used to characterize both the act of selecting an entity and the attributing of capacities). This proposal is developed within the formal ontology dolce but it is designed to be of wider interest. The grounds for the definition are introduced in conjunction with the presentation of the relevant formalization. The rest of the paper concentrates on our formal definition of artefact which is motivated by philosophical and application concerns.
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The situation regarding the formalization of artefacts is discussed and the problems behind the few existing proposals are highlighted. It begins with a brief discussion of the basic issues that are of special relevance to formal ontology before then going on to present the main existing systems and emphasize their differences. This chapter examines the field of applied ontology and the characterization of the notion of artefact within this same domain.
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